Integrating Tradition and Innovation in the Context of Siwa Oasis

Integrating Tradition and Innovation in the Context of Shali: Vernacular Architecture Design Workshop by Oikonomou Nafsika

 

The project focuses on the redevelopment of West Shali, as guided by Elemental's framework, emphasizing heritage preservation and contextual design. Initially, the project investigated the historical and climatic aspects of Siwa, where traditional structures of salt and mud have deteriorated due to natural disasters, transforming the once-vibrant city into an archaeological site. The project seeks to integrate the ruins into the modern city while preserving their historical significance.

The region’s hot, arid climate informed the design approach, with shading identified as a key cooling strategy to mitigate extreme heat stress. Analysis of heritage conservation principles, including the Venice Charter and the Nara Document, underscored the importance of using traditional materials and techniques to maintain authenticity. Nonetheless, the incorporation of new materials aligned with the site’s character is deemed acceptable, provided they complement the existing structures and remain reversible.

Salt, a locally available material integral to Siwan livelihoods, was selected for the new construction. Salt panels, produced through natural crystallization, are lightweight, environmentally responsive, and suitable for modular construction. Although these panels have low durability due to water solubility, waterproof coatings can enhance their longevity. This choice aligns with both the material heritage and economic context of the region.

The design prioritizes the homogeneity of Shali’s urban fabric, maintaining and restoring the existing ruins while integrating new structures within them. This approach emphasizes intermediate spaces as key elements of the user experience, promoting organic movement and navigation. A cluster-based strategy was adopted, grouping spaces to foster fluidity, enhance visitors’ interaction with the ruins, and accommodate phased development.

Clusters comprise various room types, including transitional spaces with thresholds, flow spaces along alleys, and shaded courtyards. Functional spaces for objects feature inclined roofs to optimize lighting and ventilation, harmonizing with the ruins. The first cluster was detailed, illustrating the sequence of spaces and lightweight structures that complement, rather than compete with, the existing walls. Semi-transparent salt panels in wooden frames offer subtle translucency, allowing interplay with natural light.

The project integrates functional and aesthetic considerations, blending new materials and traditional architecture to create a sensitive and sustainable intervention. Features like carved niches for candles and shaded courtyards enhance the atmospheric quality of the site, ensuring the design respects both the heritage and environmental context of Shali.